Coronavirus (COVID-19)

COVID-19, a contagious respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a testament to the resilience of the human body. It can manifest as mild cold-like symptoms or progress to severe lung infections such as pneumonia. While most people recover at home, some may require hospital care. The virus primarily spreads through close contact with infected individuals and respiratory droplets.

What is Coronavirus (COVID-19)?

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some of which only cause mild illnesses like the common cold, while others, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), are more severe. COVID-19 was first identified in late 2019 and has since evolved with new variants.

Recognising COVID-19 Symptoms

COVID-19 symptoms can appear 2–14 days after exposure. While many people have mild or no symptoms, others experience severe illness. Common symptoms include:

• Fever or chills
• Dry cough or sore throat
• Shortness of breath or chest discomfort
• Fatigue or muscle aches
• Loss of taste or smell
• Headaches or dizziness
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea (observed with newer variants)

Remember, early detection and prompt action are key. If you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, or confusion, don't hesitate to call 000 immediately.

Who is at Higher Risk of Severe Illness?

Anyone can contract COVID-19, but the risk of severe complications is higher in:

• Older adults, particularly those over 65 years
• People with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or respiratory illnesses
• Immunocompromised individuals
• Pregnant women
• People with obesity or other metabolic conditions

How COVID-19 Spreads

COVID-19 primarily spreads through:

• Respiratory droplets are expelled when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes
• Close contact with an infected person
• Touching contaminated surfaces, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes

Crowded, poorly ventilated spaces increase the risk of transmission.

Prevention & Protective Measures

To reduce your risk of infection:

• Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
• Use alcohol-based hand sanitiser when handwashing isn't possible
• Cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing
• Avoid close contact with unwell individuals
• Wear masks in crowded or high-risk settings (if recommended)
• Stay home if you feel unwell and arrange for testing

Diagnosis & Testing

If you develop COVID-19 symptoms or have been exposed to a confirmed case:

• Take a Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) or PCR test (as advised by health authorities)
• Call your healthcare provider before visiting a clinic to prevent spreading infection
• Inform them of your symptoms and recent contact history

When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek urgent medical help or call 000 if you experience:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath at rest
• Chest pain or pressure that does not subside
• Sudden confusion or inability to stay awake
• Bluish lips, fingertips, or face

Treatment & Home Care

Most mild cases of COVID-19 can be managed at home with:

• Plenty of rest and staying hydrated
• Over-the-counter medications for fever or discomfort (as advised by a healthcare professional)
• Monitoring for worsening symptoms

Antibiotics do not work against COVID-19 because it is a viral infection. Some antiviral treatments are available but must be prescribed by a doctor and are reserved for high-risk cases.

Isolation & Reducing Transmission

While isolation is no longer legally mandated, it is strongly advised to:

• Stay home while you have symptoms or test positive
• Ask someone else to deliver groceries and essentials
• Use a surgical mask if you must leave home for medical care
• Avoid close contact with vulnerable individuals

For the latest and most reliable advice on COVID-19, it's always best to refer to the Australian Government Department of Health COVID-19 health alert guidelines. These guidelines are regularly updated to reflect the latest developments and are designed to help you stay informed and make the best decisions for your health and safety.

Long COVID (Post-COVID-19 Condition)

Long COVID refers to persistent symptoms lasting 12 weeks or more after initial infection. Recent studies show:

• About 14.2% of Australians report long COVID symptoms lasting beyond 3 months.
• Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, brain fog, memory issues, chest pain, and mental health challenges.
• Long COVID is more common in women, people aged 40–59, and those with pre-existing health conditions.

While there is no single test for long COVID, doctors can assess symptoms and rule out other causes. Care often involves multidisciplinary management, including respiratory therapy, rehabilitation exercises, and mental health support.

Common Concerns About COVID-19

1. What is the difference between COVID-19 and the flu?

COVID-19 and flu are both viral respiratory infections, but COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and tends to have a longer incubation period, unique symptoms like loss of smell, and a higher risk of long-term effects.

2. How long is someone with COVID-19 infectious?

Most people are infectious from 48 hours before symptoms start until 10 days after. Staying home while unwell helps prevent the spread.

3. Can vaccinated people still get COVID-19?

Yes, vaccinated individuals can still contract COVID-19, but the good news is that vaccines significantly reduce the severity of illness and the risk of hospitalisation, providing a strong layer of protection.

4. What are the first signs of COVID-19?

Early signs often include fever, cough, sore throat, or fatigue. Loss of smell or taste is also common with some variants.

5. What is long COVID?

Long COVID refers to symptoms lasting 12 weeks or more after initial infection, even if the initial illness was mild.

Disclaimer

This information is for general educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. If you are unwell or concerned about COVID-19 symptoms, consult a healthcare provider or call 000 for emergencies.